Graphs of basal temperature with examples and interpretation. Measuring basal temperature, how to measure it correctly

Basal (rectal) temperature allows women to monitor the state of their body.

Different periods of the menstrual cycle are easily determined using conventional thermometer. But for control and reliability, you need to learn how to measure basal temperature. An incorrectly performed procedure will introduce significant errors into the schedule.

Why do you need to make a basal chart?

Rectal temperature indicators help to identify the onset and approach of the moment for conception. If ovulation does not occur, this may indicate a malfunction in the production of hormones and possible infertility. Many desperate couples, having learned how to measure basal temperature correctly, were able to acquire long-awaited heirs.

Constant temperature control will make pregnancy desirable by determining without dangerous days for sexual contact. If the gender of the unborn baby is important, then the schedule will help determine auspicious days to conceive a girl or a boy.

Changes in rectal indicators are the surest sign of the onset of pregnancy. There are practically no exceptions to this rule.

In order to draw any conclusions, the graph must show changes in the cycle over the past 3 months. Any haste in this matter will not bring the desired results.

Temperature measurement rules

Many women know what basal temperature is and why it needs to be measured. But most are not familiar with all the intricacies of conducting research.

In order to fully see all the changes in the dynamics, the temperature should be measured from the moment the menstruation begins. The thermometer can be inserted into the mouth, into the vagina. But doctors say that only the rectal method has greater reliability and practically complete absence errors. The temperature should be measured constantly in one way, in a certain period of time.

Measurements are taken in the morning, the duration of sleep should be from 3 to 6 hours. AT otherwise scores will not be reliable. At night you can drink warm water with honey - this will help you fall asleep quickly and calmly.

Before measuring the rectal temperature, you can not get up and make very sudden movements. Therefore, before going to bed, you should shake off the mercury thermometer, and put it within the radius of your outstretched arm. Immediately before measuring the temperature in the rectum, you can lubricate the tip of the measuring device with baby cream. This will smooth out a little discomfort from the procedure. Electronic thermometers are not suitable for such studies, since they are less accurate and not as sensitive.

All data obtained must be entered in a notebook with the obligatory indication of the reasons that could change the indicators:

the use of drinks containing alcohol;
stressful situations;
air travel;
the presence of inflammatory processes and respiratory diseases;
heavy loads, sex.

Taking sleeping pills, hormonal and psychotropic medications can affect the reliability of the study. It is pointless to measure basal temperature while taking oral contraceptives.

In the mouth, the measurement is carried out for 5 minutes, the thermometer must be kept under the tongue. For vaginal and rectal examination, 3 minutes is enough. The thermometer is inserted halfway into the vagina. In the rectum - only the tip.

What do changes in rectal temperature indicate?

Correct scheduling is impossible without knowing what the basal temperature should be in each of the phases of the female cycle.

For initial stage characterized by increased production of estrogen. In this period basal rates do not exceed 37 degrees. Before the onset of ovulation, the temperature drops sharply.

A reliable sign of the appearance of a mature egg ready for fertilization is an increase in temperature in the rectum by an average of half a degree. This happens between the 12th and 16th day of the cycle. If the temperature has not changed - there is no ovulation, conception is impossible. In this case, you should visit a gynecologist. Such a failure can occur in absolutely healthy women. But not more than once a year.

In the second phase, estrogen production decreases and progesterone levels rise. At this stage, the temperature rises to 37 degrees. The approach of menstruation is evidenced by its decrease by 0.3 units.

No fluctuations and recessions temperature indicators throughout the cycle may indicate possible infertility.

What basal temperature indicates the onset of pregnancy? If from the middle of the cycle and before themselves critical days temperature indicators are kept at the level of 37-37.2 degrees - the probability of the imminent appearance of the baby is high.

Having figured out how to measure basal temperature correctly, you can get answers to many important questions. But even the most perfect schedule does not give the right to engage in self-diagnosis and self-treatment. But he will help the gynecologist to make a diagnosis faster.

Measurement of rectal body temperature in some cases is mandatory procedure when monitoring patients. Fluctuations in this parameter are valuable indicators general condition organism. Thus, an increase in rectal temperature may indicate the onset of pathological condition developing in the internal organs.

Indications for measurement

The rectum is a cavity closed by the anal sphincter. Due to this, the temperature indicators inside it are constant, and deviations in one direction or another, as a rule, indicate the development of any diseases or inflammatory processes, since it is the rectal value that is closest in terms of indicators to the temperature internal organs. The rectal method is used in the following cases:

thermoneurosis - in the vessels located directly under the skin, there is a strong spasm, because of this, the thermoregulation of the body is disturbed:
if it is impossible to obtain temperature values in armpit due to severe exhaustion sick when soft tissues loosely attached to the thermometer;
in children under 2 years of age;
with hypothermia of the body, when the temperature inside the body can be normal, but lowered on its surface;
with damage or inflammation of the skin of the armpits;
if the patient is unconscious;
in women to determine the time of ovulation.

It is forbidden to use the rectal method when:

stool disorders (constipation or diarrhea);
inflammatory diseases of the rectum in the acute stage;
polyps, erosions, neoplasms located in the rectum;
hemorrhoids.

How to measure the temperature in the rectum

How to measure temperature rectally? To do this, use a conventional mercury thermometer. In this case, the patient must necessarily lie on his side and pull his legs to his stomach. The end of the thermometer for easier insertion into the anus is smeared with petroleum jelly or baby cream and inserted into the rectum to a depth of 2 cm for at least 5 minutes. When measuring, it is recommended to squeeze the buttocks as tightly as possible.

Normal indicators of rectal temperature differ from its values in the armpit. For the rectum, the norm varies from 37.0 to 37.7 0 C.

Data above this norm testify to the beginning in the body pathological processes, most often it is:

infectious and viral diseases;
inflammatory and purulent processes;
growth of malignant or benign tumors.

Features of measuring rectal temperature in children

When measuring rectal temperature, it should be borne in mind that these figures in children under 2 years of age are slightly higher than in adults. The norm is considered to be up to 38 0 C. During measurements, the child should be given maximum peace, because high performance may occur due to active movements.

In newborns in the first three months of life, temperature indicators are influenced by: crying, feeding, massage, and parameters of the ambient air in the room.

For children under one year old, a value above 38.5 0 C may cause febrile seizures, so it is very important to give antipyretic drugs on time and not to delay a visit to the doctor.

Features of measuring rectal temperature in women

Women's measurements basal body temperature in the rectum is effective way pregnancy planning. Using these temperature indicators, you can determine the period of ovulation, the approach of menstruation, or find out about the onset of pregnancy.

In this case, the temperature in the rectum is determined with the obligatory consideration of the following parameters:

you can measure the temperature only after sleep, lasting at least 6 hours, without getting out of bed, immediately after waking up, at the same time;
the thermometer is inserted into the rectum in the supine position with legs pulled up to the stomach;
the measurement time should not be less than 5 minutes for a mercury thermometer.

To obtain reliable results, measurements are taken for at least three cycles.

Normally, rectal temperature should correspond to the following indicators:

temperature 1-2 days before the end menstrual cycle– 36.3 0 C;
maturation of the egg (follicular phase, the probability of pregnancy in which is very small) - 36.6-36.9 0 С;
ovulation - 37.0-37.4 0 С;
temperature after ovulation - 37.0 0 С.

The most favorable time for conception is 1-2 days before ovulation. During this period, the mucous tissue of the cervix becomes most sensitive, which increases the likelihood of pregnancy.

If, when measuring rectal temperature for two or more weeks, an indicator of 37.0 0 C is fixed, this may indicate a pregnancy.

Also, using a graph that displays the temperature values in the rectum, diseases can be detected. reproductive organs in female body: endometriosis, reduced level progesterone, inflammation in the appendages or ovaries.

Measurement of rectal body temperature in some cases is a mandatory procedure for monitoring patients. Fluctuations in this parameter are valuable indicators of the general condition of the body. Thus, an increase in rectal temperature may indicate the onset of a pathological condition that develops in the internal organs.

Indications for measurement

The rectum is a cavity closed by the anal sphincter. Due to this, the temperature indicators inside it are constant, and deviations in one direction or another, as a rule, indicate the development of any diseases or inflammatory processes, since it is the rectal value that is closest in terms of indicators to the temperature of the internal organs. The rectal method is used in the following cases:

thermoneurosis - in the vessels located directly under the skin, there is a strong spasm, because of this, the thermoregulation of the body is disturbed:
if it is impossible to obtain temperature values in the armpit due to severe exhaustion of the patient, when the soft tissues do not fit snugly against the thermometer;
in children under 2 years of age;
with hypothermia of the body, when the temperature inside the body can be normal, but lowered on its surface;
with damage or inflammation of the skin of the armpits;
if the patient is unconscious;
in women to determine the time of ovulation.

It is forbidden to use the rectal method when:

stool disorders (constipation or diarrhea);
inflammatory diseases of the rectum in the acute stage;
polyps, erosions, neoplasms located in the rectum;
hemorrhoids.

How to measure the temperature in the rectum

Normal indicators of rectal temperature differ from its values in the armpit. For the rectum, the norm varies from 37.0 to 37.7 0 C.

Data above this norm indicate pathological processes beginning in the body, most often these are:

infectious and viral diseases;
inflammatory and purulent processes;
growth of malignant or benign tumors.

Features of measuring rectal temperature in children

In newborns in the first three months of life, temperature indicators are influenced by: crying, feeding, massage, and parameters of the ambient air in the room.

For children under one year old, a value above 38.5 0 C can cause febrile seizures, so it is very important to give antipyretic drugs on time and not delay the visit to the doctor.

Features of measuring rectal temperature in women

For women, measuring basal temperature in the rectum is an effective way to plan pregnancy. Using these temperature indicators, you can determine the period of ovulation, the approach of menstruation, or find out about the onset of pregnancy.

In this case, the temperature in the rectum is determined with the obligatory consideration of the following parameters:

you can measure the temperature only after sleep, lasting at least 6 hours, without getting out of bed, immediately after waking up, at the same time;
the thermometer is inserted into the rectum in the supine position with legs pulled up to the stomach;
the measurement time should not be less than 5 minutes for a mercury thermometer.

To obtain reliable results, measurements are taken for at least three cycles.

Normally, rectal temperature should correspond to the following indicators:

temperature 1-2 days before the end of the menstrual cycle - 36.3 0 C;
maturation of the egg (follicular phase, the probability of pregnancy in which is very small) - 36.6-36.9 0 С;
ovulation - 37.0-37.4 0 С;
temperature after ovulation - 37.0 0 С.

The most favorable time for conception is 1-2 days before ovulation. During this period, the mucous tissue of the cervix becomes most sensitive, which increases the likelihood of pregnancy.

If, when measuring rectal temperature for two or more weeks, an indicator of 37.0 0 C is fixed, this may indicate a pregnancy.

Also, using a graph that displays the temperature values in the rectum, it is possible to identify diseases of the reproductive organs in the female body: endometriosis, low progesterone levels, inflammation in the appendages or ovaries.

One of important indicators human health status is the basal body temperature. In some cases, it is required to measure rectal temperature. Modern devices help with this - rectal thermometers.

Why measure basal temperature?

Temperature human body, which is at rest, is called basal. It is usually measured in the armpit or rectum.

Basal temperature indicators are extremely important for women who have problems conceiving. We are talking primarily about endocrine infertility and other problems. Information about changes in rectal temperature helps in drawing up an effective infertility treatment plan. This is due to the fact that during the menstrual cycle, its indicators change. The deviation of the parameters from the norm in one direction or another gives reason to believe that at some stage there was a failure. Observation of changes over several cycles allows you to judge the functioning of the female reproductive system.

Measurement of rectal temperature is carried out not only in women planning a pregnancy, but also in men and children. Indications for examination:

inflammation of the skin in the armpits;
hypothermia;
pathological processes in the rectum;
depletion of the body.

With this method of measuring body temperature, it is important to consider that in the rectum the indicator is 1 degree higher than in the armpits.

Choosing a thermometer

The device with which the temperature in the rectum is measured must necessarily have a thin short tip. For these purposes, conventional mercury or electronic thermometers are suitable. In practice, mercury thermometers are most often used.

Their advantages:

Versatility. With their help, you can measure body temperature in various areas, including in the oral cavity.
Ease of use. Using the device does not require special knowledge.
Reliability. They have a minimum error, which, as a rule, does not affect the final result.
Availability. Sold in any pharmacy and have a low cost.

The main disadvantages are:

the fragility of the product, combined with the use of mercury, which is hazardous to health;
long wait for results.

Electronic thermometers provide information much faster, notifying the completion of the process with an audible signal. Often they are sold in a set with replaceable caps that can be sterilized after measuring rectal temperature.

Advantages:

Security. Breakage of the thermometer does not pose a health hazard.
Versatility in application. Suitable for measuring the temperature in the rectum in infants.
Obtaining a result in a maximum of 3 minutes (the exception is the axillary region - the thermometer must be held there longer - up to 10 minutes, despite the sounded signal).
Optimal cost.

The main disadvantage electronic thermometer is its inaccuracy.

There are also special electronic rectal thermometers. They are also versatile in use and have many advantages:

Ease of use. The special thin tip does not cause discomfort.
The completion of the process is accompanied by a sound signal.
Security: electronic device does not pose a threat to health.
Low cost.

The disadvantages include the fact that rectal thermometers are not sold in all pharmacies. This is because people are used to using standard thermometers.

Conditions under which rectal temperature is measured

Before using a rectal thermometer, you need to make sure that all conditions for correct measurement temperature in the rectum.

The main rule is to remain as still as possible after morning awakening. Any body movements will provoke an acceleration of blood circulation and start active work all organs and systems, resulting in an increase in body temperature. To flatten motor activity at a minimum, a rectal thermometer is recommended to be placed nearby at night.

One more important condition- The measurement should be taken after at least 4 hours of sleep.

How to use a rectal thermometer

The tip of the thermometer should be carefully inserted into the rectum. Insertion depth of the thermometer at rectal measurement temperature should not exceed 4 cm. anus slip agents are not required (the use of petroleum jelly or baby cream is important when measuring the temperature in the rectum in newborns). A reliable result will appear after 5 minutes. For its maximum accuracy, it is necessary to take measurements daily at the same time (if it is important to track the dynamics of changes in indicators).

Conclusion

Rectal temperature body - an indicator important for assessing the state of health. To measure it, special devices have been created - rectal thermometers, which give the result for the maximum a short time. The accuracy of the information depends on the observance of all conditions under which the temperature in the rectum is measured.

Measurement of basal temperature has become truly folk remedy pregnancy planning.

Why measure basal body temperature

Basal or rectal temperature (BT)- this is the body temperature at rest after at least 3-6 hours of sleep, the temperature is measured in the mouth, rectum or vagina. The temperature measured at this moment is practically not affected by factors external environment. Experience shows that many women perceive the doctor's requirements to measure basal temperature as a formality and basal temperature does not solve anything, but this is far from the case.

The method of measuring basal body temperature was developed in 1953 by the English professor Marshal and refers to research methods based on the biological effect of sex hormones, namely on the hyperthermic (temperature increase) action of progesterone on the thermoregulation center. Measurement of basal body temperature is one of the main tests functional diagnostics ovarian work. Based on the results of measuring BT, a graph is built, an analysis of the graphs of basal temperature is given below.

Measurement of basal temperature and scheduling is recommended in gynecology in the following cases:

If you have been trying to get pregnant for a year without success
If you suspect infertility in yourself or your partner
If your gynecologist suspects you have hormonal disorders

In addition to the above cases, when basal body temperature charting is recommended by a gynecologist, you can measure basal body temperature if:

You want to increase your chances of pregnancy
You are experimenting with the method of planning the sex of the child
You want to observe your body and understand the processes taking place in it (this can help you in communicating with specialists)

Experience shows that many women perceive the doctor's requirements to measure basal temperature as a formality and it does not solve anything.

In fact, by measuring your basal body temperature, you and your doctor can find out:

Does the egg mature and when does it happen (respectively, highlight "dangerous" days for the purpose of protection, or vice versa, the possibility of getting pregnant);
Did ovulation occur after the maturation of the egg?
Determine the quality of your work endocrine system
Suspect gynecological problems, such as endometritis
When to Expect next menstruation
Whether pregnancy occurred in case of delayed or unusual menstruation;
Assess how correctly the ovaries secrete hormones in the phases of the menstrual cycle;

A graph of basal temperature, compiled according to all the rules of measurement, can show not only the presence of ovulation in the cycle or its absence, but also indicate diseases of the reproductive and endocrine systems. You must measure your basal temperature for at least 3 cycles so that the information accumulated during this time allows you to make accurate predictions about the expected date of ovulation and the most favorable time for conception, as well as conclusions about hormonal disorders. Only a specialist gynecologist can give an accurate assessment of your basal temperature chart. Drawing up a basal temperature chart can help the gynecologist determine deviations in the cycle and suggest the absence of ovulation, but at the same time, the gynecologist’s diagnosis only and exclusively by the type of basal temperature chart without additional tests and surveys most often indicates medical unprofessionalism.

It is necessary to measure the basal temperature, and not the body temperature in the armpit. The general increase in temperature as a result of illness, overheating, physical activity, food intake, stress, naturally, is reflected in the indicators of basal temperature and makes them unreliable.

Thermometer for measuring basal temperature.

You will need a conventional medical thermometer: mercury or electronic. With a mercury thermometer, the basal temperature is measured for five minutes, while the electronic thermometer must be removed after the signal about the end of the measurement. After he squeaked, the temperature will still rise for a while, because the thermometer fixes the moment when the temperature rises above it very slowly (and do not listen to nonsense about the thermometer not making good contact with the muscles of the anus). The thermometer must be prepared in advance, in the evening, by placing it next to the bed. Don't put mercury thermometers under your pillow!

Rules for measuring basal temperature.

It is necessary to measure the basal temperature, if possible, every day, including on the days of menstruation.

You can measure in the mouth, in the vagina or in the rectum. The main thing is that throughout the entire cycle the place of measurement does not change. Armpit temperature measurement is not accurate. At oral route measurement of basal temperature You put the thermometer under the tongue and closed mouth measure 5 minutes.
For vaginal or rectal method measurements enter narrow part thermometer into the anus or vagina, the duration of the measurement is 3 minutes. Measurement of temperature in the rectum is the most common.

Take your basal body temperature in the morning, right after waking up and before getting out of bed.

It is necessary to measure the basal temperature at the same time (a difference of half an hour - an hour (maximum one and a half hours) is acceptable). If you decide to sleep in longer on the weekend, make a note of this on your schedule. Keep in mind that every extra hour of sleep raises your basal temperature by about 0.1 degrees.

Uninterrupted sleep before measuring basal temperature in the morning should last at least three hours. Therefore, if you measure the temperature at 8 am, but got up at 7 am to go, for example, to the toilet, it is better to measure BT before that, otherwise, at 8 o'clock familiar to you, it will no longer be informative.

You can use both digital and mercury thermometers to measure. It is important not to change the thermometer during one cycle.
If you are using mercury thermometer then shake it off before going to sleep. The effort you make to shake off the thermometer just before taking your basal temperature can affect your temperature.

Basal body temperature is measured in the supine position. Do not make unnecessary movements, do not turn around, activity should be minimal. Never get up to take a thermometer! Therefore, it is better to cook it in the evening and put it near the bed in order to be able to reach the thermometer with your hand. Some experts advise taking measurements without even opening your eyes, as daylight can increase the release of certain hormones.

Readings from the thermometer are taken immediately after it is removed.

Basal temperature after measurement is best recorded immediately. Otherwise, you will forget or get confused. Basal temperature every day is approximately the same, differs by tenths of degrees. Relying on your memory, you can get confused in the testimony. If the thermometer readings are between two numbers, record the lower reading.

The chart must indicate the reasons that could lead to an increase in basal temperature (ARI, inflammatory diseases etc.).

Business trips, moving and flights, sexual intercourse the night before or in the morning can significantly affect the basal temperature.

For diseases accompanied by elevated temperature body, your basal temperature will be uninformative and you can stop measuring for the duration of your illness.

Various medications, such as sleeping pills, sedatives, and hormonal medications, can affect basal body temperature.
Measurement of basal temperature and simultaneous application oral (hormonal) contraceptives does not make any sense. The basal temperature depends on the concentration of hormones in the tablets.

After taking a large number alcohol basal temperature will be uninformative.

When working at night, basal temperature is measured during the day after at least 3-4 hours of sleep.

The basal body temperature (BT) record table should contain the lines:

Day of the month
cycle day
BT
Notes: Abundant or Moderate discharge, abnormalities that can affect BBT: common disease, including fever, diarrhea, intercourse in the evening (and even more so in the morning), drinking alcohol the day before, measuring BBT at an unusual time, late going to bed (for example, went to bed at 3 o'clock, and measured at 6), taking sleeping pills, stress, etc.

The "Notes" column contains all the factors that in one way or another could affect the change in basal temperature.

This form of recording is very helpful for both the woman and her doctor to understand possible reasons infertility, cycle disorders, etc.

Rationale for the basal body temperature method

Basal body temperature during the cycle changes under the influence of hormones.

During the maturation of the egg against the background of a high level of estrogen (the first phase of the menstrual cycle, hypothermic, "low"), the basal temperature is low, on the eve of ovulation it drops to its minimum, and then rises again, reaching a maximum. At this time, ovulation takes place. After ovulation, the high temperature phase begins (the second phase of the menstrual cycle, hyperthermic, "high"), which is caused by low levels of estrogen and high level progesterone. Pregnancy under the influence of progesterone also takes place completely in the high temperature phase. The difference between the "low" (hypothermic) and "high" (hyperthermal) phases is 0.4-0.8 °C. Only when accurate measurement basal body temperature, you can fix the level of "low" temperature in the first half of the menstrual cycle, the transition from "low" to "high" on the day of ovulation, and the temperature level in the second phase of the cycle.

Usually during menstruation, the temperature is kept at 37 ° C. During the maturation of the follicle (the first phase of the cycle), the temperature does not exceed 37°C. Before ovulation itself, it decreases (the result of the action of estrogen), and after it, the basal temperature rises to 37.1 ° C and above (the effect of progesterone). Until the next menstruation, the basal temperature remains elevated and slightly decreases by the first day of menstruation. If the indicators of basal temperature in the first phase, relative to the second, are high, then this may indicate a small amount of estrogen in the body and requires correction medicines containing female sex hormones. On the contrary, if in the second phase, relative to the first, a low basal temperature is observed, then this is an indicator low level progesterone and drugs for correction are also prescribed here hormonal background. This should be done only after passing the appropriate tests for hormones and prescribing a doctor.

A persistent two-phase cycle indicates ovulation, which has taken place and the presence of a functionally active corpus luteum (right rhythm ovarian function).
The absence of a rise in temperature in the second phase of the cycle (monotonous curve) or significant temperature fluctuations, both in the first and second half of the cycle with the absence of a stable rise, indicates inoculation (lack of release of the egg from the ovaries).
The delay in the rise and its short duration (hypothermic phase for 2-7, up to 10 days) is observed with a shortening of the luteal phase, insufficient rise (0.2-0.3 ° C) - with insufficient functioning of the corpus luteum.
The thermogenic effect of progesterone leads to an increase in body temperature by at least 0.33 ° C (the effect lasts until the end of the luteal, that is, the second, phase of the menstrual cycle). Progesterone levels peak 8 to 9 days after ovulation, which is approximately the time a fertilized egg implants in the uterine wall.

By making a chart of basal temperature, you can not only determine when you ovulate, but also find out what processes are taking place in your body.

Decoding charts of basal temperature. Examples

If the basal temperature chart is built correctly, taking into account the measurement rules, it can reveal not only the presence or absence of ovulation, but also some diseases.

Break line

The line is drawn over 6 temperature values in the first phase of the cycle, preceding ovulation.

This does not take into account the first 5 days of the cycle, as well as the days on which the temperature could be affected by various negative factors(See temperature measurement rules). This line does not allow any conclusions to be drawn from the graph and is for illustration purposes only.

ovulation line

In order to judge the onset of ovulation, the rules established by the World Health Organization (WHO) are used:

Three temperature values in a row must be above the level of the line drawn over the previous 6 temperature values.
The difference between the midline and the three temperatures must be at least 0.1 degrees on two of the three days and at least 0.2 degrees on one of those days.

If your temperature curve meets these requirements, then an ovulation line will appear on your basal temperature chart 1-2 days after ovulation.

Sometimes it is not possible to determine ovulation according to the WHO method due to the fact that there are high temperatures in the first phase of the cycle. In this case, you can apply the “finger rule” to the basal temperature chart. This rule excludes temperature values that differ from the previous or next temperature by more than 0.2 degrees. Such temperatures should not be taken into account when calculating ovulation, if in general the basal temperature chart is normal.

by the most optimum time for conception, the day of ovulation and 2 days before it are considered.

Menstrual cycle length

The total cycle length should normally not be shorter than 21 days and should not exceed 35 days. If your cycles are shorter or longer, then you may have ovarian dysfunction, which is often the cause of infertility and needs to be treated by a gynecologist.

Second phase length

The basal temperature graph is divided into the first and second phases. The separation takes place where the ovulation line (vertical) is affixed. Accordingly, the first phase of the cycle is the segment of the graph before ovulation, and the second phase of the cycle after ovulation.

The length of the second phase of the cycle is normally from 12 to 16 days, most often 14 days. In contrast, the length of the first phase can vary greatly, and these variations are an individual norm. At the same time healthy woman in different cycles, there should not be significant differences in the length of the first phase and the second phase. The total length of the cycle normally changes only due to the length of the first phase.

One of the problems revealed on the graphs and confirmed by subsequent hormonal studies is the insufficiency of the second phase. If you have been measuring your basal temperature for several cycles, following all the measurement rules, and your second phase is shorter than 10 days, this is a reason to consult a gynecologist. Also, if you regularly have sexual intercourse during ovulation, pregnancy does not occur and the length of the second phase is at the lower limit (10 or 11 days), then this may indicate a lack of the second phase.

temperature difference

Normally, the difference in the average temperatures of the first and second phases should be more than 0.4 degrees. If it is lower, then this may indicate hormonal problems. Take a blood test for progesterone and estrogen and consult a gynecologist.

An increase in basal temperature occurs when the level of progesterone in the blood serum exceeds 2.5-4.0 ng / ml (7.6-12.7 nmol / l). However, monophasic basal temperature has been identified in a number of patients with normal level progesterone in the second phase of the cycle. In addition, a monophasic basal temperature is noted at approximately 20% ovulatory cycles. A simple statement of a two-phase basal temperature does not prove and normal function yellow body. Basal temperature also cannot be used to determine the time of ovulation, since a two-phase basal temperature is also observed during luteinization of a non-ovulated follicle. However, the duration of the luteal phase according to basal body temperature and low speed the rise in basal temperature after ovulation is accepted by many authors as criteria for diagnosing the syndrome of luteinization of a non-ovulating follicle.

Five main types of temperature curves are described in classic gynecological manuals.

On such graphs, there is an increase in temperature in the second phase of the cycle by at least 0.4 C; noticeable "preovulatory" and "premenstrual" temperature drop. The duration of the temperature increase after ovulation is 12-14 days. Such a curve is typical of a normal biphasic menstrual cycle.

The graph example shows a pre-ovulatory drop on the 12th day of the cycle (the temperature drops significantly two days before ovulation), as well as a premenstrual drop starting from the 26th day of the cycle.

There is a weakly pronounced rise in temperature in the second phase. The temperature difference in the first and second phases is no more than 0.2-0.3 C. Such a curve may indicate estrogen-progesterone deficiency. See chart examples below.

If such graphs are repeated from cycle to cycle, then this may indicate hormonal disruptions which are the cause of infertility.

Basal temperature begins to rise only shortly before menstruation, while there is no "premenstrual" temperature drop. The second phase of the cycle may last less than 10 days. Such a curve is typical for a two-phase menstrual cycle with insufficiency of the second phase. See chart examples below.

Pregnancy in such a cycle is possible, but it is at risk from the very beginning. At this moment, a woman still cannot know about the onset of pregnancy, even gynecologists would find it difficult to make a diagnosis on such early term. With such a schedule, we can talk not about infertility, but about miscarriage. Be sure to contact your gynecologist if you have such a schedule for 3 cycles.

In a cycle without ovulation, the corpus luteum is not formed, which produces the hormone progesterone and affects the increase in basal body temperature. In this case, the temperature rise is not visible on the basal temperature chart and ovulation is not detected. If there is no ovulation line on the chart, in this case we are talking about the anovulatory cycle.

Each woman may have several anovulatory cycles per year - this is normal and does not require medical intervention, but if this situation repeats from cycle to cycle, then be sure to consult a gynecologist. Without ovulation - pregnancy is impossible!

A monotonic curve occurs when there is no pronounced rise throughout the cycle. Such a schedule is observed during an anovulatory (ovulation is absent) cycle. See chart examples below.

The average woman has one anovulatory cycle per year and there is no cause for concern in this case. But anovulatory schedules that are repeated from cycle to cycle are very serious reason contact a gynecologist. Without ovulation, a woman cannot become pregnant and we are talking about female infertility.

estrogen deficiency

Chaotic temperature curve. The graph shows large temperature swings, it does not fit into any of the above types. This type of curve can be observed both in severe estrogen deficiency and depend on random factors. Chart examples below.

A competent gynecologist will definitely require testing for hormones and conduct an ultrasound examination before prescribing medications.

High basal temperature in the first phase

The basal temperature graph is divided into the first and second phases. The separation takes place where the ovulation line (vertical line) is affixed. Accordingly, the first phase of the cycle is the segment of the graph before ovulation, and the second phase of the cycle after ovulation.

Estrogen deficiency

In the first phase of the cycle in the female body, the hormone estrogen dominates. Under the influence of this hormone, the basal temperature before ovulation is kept on average in the range from 36.2 to 36.5 degrees. If the temperature in the first phase rises and stays above this mark, then estrogen deficiency can be assumed. In this case average temperature the first phase rises to 36.5 - 36.8 degrees and is kept at this level. To increase the level of estrogen, gynecologists-endocrinologists will prescribe hormonal drugs.

Estrogen deficiency also leads to an increased temperature in the second phase of the cycle (above 37.1 degrees), while the rise in temperature is slow and takes more than 3 days.

On the example of the graph, the temperature in the first phase is above 37.0 degrees, in the second phase it rises to 37.5, the rise in temperature by 0.2 degrees on the 17th and 18th day of the cycle is insignificant. Fertilization in a cycle with such a schedule is very problematic.

Inflammation of the appendages

Another reason for an increase in temperature in the first phase may be inflammation of the appendages. In this case, the temperature rises only for a few days in the first phase to 37 degrees, and then drops again. In such charts, ovulation calculation is difficult because such a rise "masks" the ovulatory rise.

On the example of the graph, the temperature in the first phase of the cycle is kept at 37.0 degrees, the increase occurs sharply and also falls sharply. A rise in temperature on day 6 of the cycle can be mistaken for an ovulatory rise, but in fact it most likely indicates inflammation. Therefore, it is so important to measure the temperature throughout the cycle in order to exclude such a scenario: the temperature rose due to inflammation, then fell again and then rose due to the onset of ovulation.

endometritis

Normally, the temperature in the first phase should decrease during menstrual bleeding. If your temperature at the end of the cycle drops before the onset of menstruation and rises again to 37.0 degrees with the onset of menstruation (less often on day 2-3 of the cycle), then this may indicate the presence of endometritis.

Characteristically, the temperature drops before menstruation and rises with the beginning of the next cycle. If there is no drop in temperature before the start of menstruation in the first cycle, i.e., the temperature is kept at this level, then pregnancy can be assumed, despite the onset of bleeding. Take a pregnancy test and consult a gynecologist who will conduct an ultrasound for an accurate diagnosis.

If the basal temperature in the first phase rises sharply for one day, then this does not mean anything. Inflammation of the appendages cannot begin and end in one day. Also, a lack of estrogen can only be assumed by evaluating the entire graph, and not a separate temperature in the first phase. In diseases accompanied by high or elevated body temperature, it makes no sense to measure basal temperature, and even more so to judge its nature and analyze the graph.

Low temperature in the second phase of the menstrual cycle

In the second phase of the cycle, the basal temperature should differ significantly (by about 0.4 degrees) from the first phase and be at the level of 37.0 degrees or higher if you measure the temperature rectally. If the temperature difference is less than 0.4 degrees and the average temperature of the second phase does not reach 36.8 degrees, then this may indicate problems.

Insufficiency of the corpus luteum

In the second phase of the cycle, the female body begins to produce the hormone progesterone or the corpus luteum hormone. This hormone is responsible for raising the temperature in the second phase of the cycle and prevents the onset of menstruation. If this hormone is not enough, then the temperature rises slowly and the onset of pregnancy may be at risk.

The temperature in case of corpus luteum insufficiency rises shortly before menstruation, and there is no "premenstrual" fall. This may indicate hormonal deficiency. The diagnosis is based on a blood test for progesterone in the second phase of the cycle. If its values are lowered, then usually the gynecologist prescribes a progesterone substitute: utrogestan or duphaston. These drugs are taken strictly after the onset of ovulation. With the onset of pregnancy, the reception continues until 10-12 weeks. Abrupt withdrawal of progesterone in the second phase during pregnancy can lead to the threat of termination of pregnancy.

Particular attention should be paid to charts with a short second phase. If the second phase is shorter than 10 days, then one can also judge the insufficiency of the second phase.

Situations when the basal temperature remains elevated for more than 14 days occurs during pregnancy, the formation of a cyst of the corpus luteum of the ovary, as well as in acute inflammatory process pelvic organs.

Estrogen-progesterone deficiency

If, in combination with a low temperature in the second phase, your graph shows a slight rise in temperature (0.2-0.3 C) after ovulation, then such a curve may indicate not only a lack of progesterone, but also a lack of the hormone estrogen.

Hyperprolactinemia

Due to the increase in the level of the pituitary hormone - prolactin, which is responsible for maintaining pregnancy and lactation, the basal temperature graph in this case may resemble the graph of a pregnant woman. Menstruation, as well as during pregnancy, may be absent. An example of a basal temperature chart for hyperprolactinemia

Basal temperature chart for ovulation stimulation

When ovulation is stimulated, in particular with clomiphene (clostilbegyt) using duphaston in the second phase of the mc, the basal temperature graph, as a rule, becomes "normal" - two-phase, with a pronounced phase transition, with enough high temperature in the second phase, with characteristic "steps" (the temperature rises 2 times) and a slight depression. If the temperature schedule during stimulation, on the contrary, is disturbed and deviates from the normal, this may indicate an incorrect selection of the dose of drugs or an inappropriate stimulation scenario (other medications may be needed). An increase in temperature in the first phase during stimulation with clomiphene also occurs with individual sensitivity to the drug.

Special cases of the basal temperature chart

Low or high temperature in both phases, provided that the temperature difference is at least 0.4 degrees, is not a pathology. This is idiosyncrasy organism. The measurement method can also affect the temperature values. Typically, with an oral measurement, the basal temperature is 0.2 degrees lower than with a rectal or vaginal measurement.

When to contact a gynecologist?

If you strictly follow the rules for measuring temperature and observe the described problems on your basal temperature graph for at least 2 cycles in a row, consult a doctor for additional surveys. Beware of making diagnoses by a gynecologist only on the basis of charts. What you need to pay attention to:

anovulatory charts
regular cycle delays in case of non-approaching pregnancy
late ovulation and not getting pregnant for several cycles
controversial schedules with indistinct ovulation
high temperature charts throughout the cycle
low temperature curves throughout the cycle
schedules with a short (less than 10 days) second phase
graphics with high temperature in the second phase of the cycle for more than 18 days, without the onset of menstruation and negative test for pregnancy
unexplained bleeding or heavy discharge in the middle of a cycle
heavy menstruation lasting more than 5 days
graphs with a temperature difference in the first and second phases of less than 0.4 degrees
cycles shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days
graphs with well-defined ovulation, regular intercourse during ovulation and no pregnancy for several cycles

Signs of probable infertility according to the basal temperature chart:

The average value of the second phase of the cycle (after the temperature rise) exceeds the average value of the first phase by less than 0.4°C.
In the second phase of the cycle, there are drops in temperature (the temperature drops below 37°C).
The rise in temperature in the middle of the cycle lasts more than 3-4 days.
The second phase is short (less than 8 days).

Definition of pregnancy by basal temperature

The method of determining pregnancy by basal temperature works subject to the presence of ovulation in the cycle, since with some health disorders, the basal temperature can be increased for an arbitrarily long time, and menstruation may be absent. A striking example of such a violation is hyperprolactinemia, due to increased production of the hormone prolactin by the pituitary gland. Prolactin is responsible for maintaining pregnancy and lactation and is normally elevated only during pregnancy and lactation (see Examples of graphs for normal and various disorders).

Fluctuations in basal temperature in different phases menstrual cycle due to different levels hormones responsible for phases 1 and 2.

During menstruation, the basal temperature is always elevated (about 37.0 and above). In the first phase of the cycle (follicular) before ovulation, the basal temperature is low, up to 37.0 degrees.

Before ovulation, the basal temperature decreases, and immediately after ovulation it rises by 0.4 - 0.5 degrees and remains elevated until the next menstruation.

In women with different lengths of the menstrual cycle, the duration of the follicular phase is different, and the length of the luteal (second) phase of the cycle is approximately the same and does not exceed 12-14 days. Thus, if the basal temperature after the jump (which indicates ovulation) remains elevated for more than 14 days, this clearly indicates the onset of pregnancy.

This method of determining pregnancy works subject to the presence of ovulation in the cycle, since with some health disorders, the basal temperature can be increased for an arbitrarily long time, and menstruation may be absent. A striking example of such a violation is hyperprolactinemia, due to increased production of the hormone prolactin by the pituitary gland. Prolactin is responsible for maintaining pregnancy and lactation and is normally elevated only during pregnancy and lactation.

If a woman is pregnant, then menstruation will not occur and the temperature will remain elevated throughout the pregnancy. A decrease in basal temperature during pregnancy may indicate a lack of hormones that maintain pregnancy and the threat of its termination.

With the onset of pregnancy, in most cases, on the 7th - 10th day after ovulation, implantation occurs - the introduction of a fertilized egg into the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus). AT rare cases observed early (before 7 days) or late (after 10 days) implantation. Unfortunately, it is impossible to reliably determine the presence of implantation or its absence either on the basis of the schedule or with the help of ultrasound at a gynecologist's appointment. However, there are several signs that may indicate implantation has taken place. All these signs can be detected on the 7-10th day after ovulation:

It is possible that these days there are small discharges that disappear within 1-2 days. This may be the so-called implantation bleeding. At the time of the introduction of the egg into the inner lining of the uterus, the endometrium is damaged, which leads to minor discharge. But if you have regular discharge in the middle of the cycle, and pregnancy does not occur, then you should contact the gynecology center.

A sharp decrease in temperature to the level of the midline for one day in the second phase, the so-called implantation retraction. This is one of the signs most often observed in charts with confirmed pregnancy. This retraction can occur for two reasons. Firstly, the production of the hormone progesterone, which is responsible for raising the temperature, begins to decline from the middle of the second phase, when pregnancy occurs, its production resumes again, which leads to temperature fluctuations. Secondly, during the onset of pregnancy, the hormone estrogen is released, which in turn lowers the temperature. The combination of these two hormonal changes leads to the appearance of implantation depression on the graph.

Your chart has become triphasic, which means you are seeing an ovulation-like rise in temperature on the chart during the second phase of your cycle. This rise is again due to increased production of the hormone progesterone after implantation.

On the example of the graph - implantation retraction on the 21st day of the cycle and the presence of the third phase, starting from the 26th day of the cycle.

Such early signs pregnancy, like nausea, chest tightness, frequent urination, indigestion or just the feeling of pregnancy also does not give an accurate answer. You may not be pregnant if you have all of these signs, or you may be pregnant without a single symptom.

All these signs can be a confirmation of the onset of pregnancy, but you should not rely on them, since there are many examples in which the signs were present, but the pregnancy did not occur. Or, conversely, with the onset of pregnancy, there were no signs. The most reliable conclusions can be drawn if there is a clear rise in temperature on your chart, you had intercourse 1-2 days before or during ovulation, and your temperature remains high 14 days after ovulation. In this case, the time has come to take a pregnancy test, which will finally confirm your expectations.

Measurement of basal temperature is one of the main methods of tracking fertility, recognized world organization Health (WHO). You can read more about this in the WHO document " Medical Criteria acceptability for the use of contraceptive methods"page 117.

When using the basal temperature method to protect against unwanted pregnancy, you need to consider that not only the days of ovulation according to the basal temperature chart can be dangerous. Therefore, in the period from the beginning of menstruation until the evening of the 3rd day after the rise in basal temperature, which occurs after ovulation, it is better to use additional measures to prevent unwanted pregnancy.

Our regular reader, Natalya Gorshkova, has compiled a form for you to quickly fill out and automatically plot a basal temperature chart, which you can print out and show to your doctor. You can download it from the link: schedule form.

Charts are discussed on the forum

Attention! It is impossible to make any diagnoses only on the basis of basal temperature charts. Diagnosis is made on the basis of additional examinations conducted by a gynecologist.

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